A fullcoverage highpower charging infrastructure is essential for driving forward electromobility. The main objective of this chapter is to describe components and configurations of electric drive systems used for electric or plugin hybrid electric vehicles. These components can be categorized into three groups. In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity to power vehicle. The electric vehicles market is projected to reach 26,951,318 units by 2030 from an estimated 3,269,671 units in 2019, at a cagr of 21.
Here an effort has been made to compare different types and the characteristics of electric motor drives used in the electric vehicle. General motors produced the first modern electric automobile in 1996. Journal of asian electric vehicles, volume 11, number 2, december 20 1659 fault diagnosis of power components in electric vehicles fei lin 1, k. In addition to battery packs and chargers, the following components are essential for vehicle electrification. Ev west electric vehicle parts, components, evse charging. The nominal voltage is, in most of the cases, between 360 and 450 v. Pdf overview of electric vehicle concept and power. This report accesses the technologies and standards associated with electric vehicles evs, electric vehicle service equipment evse and the related infrastructure. Technologies and components for designing electric vehicles. Most have all electric ranges of 80 to 100 miles, while a few luxury models have ranges up to 250 miles. The concept behind the standard motor is to reduce the development workload and to standardize components, production equipment, and manufacturing practices by designing standard motor specifications that will suit a variety of different types of electric vehicles, such as hevs, evs, and plugin hevs phevs, as well as different size classes of vehicles, while still providing features such as small. Ev configurations include battery electric vehicles bevs which are powered by 100% electric energy, various hybrid electric vehicles hevs, and plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs.
With the recent introduction of the chevrolet volt and the nissan leaf, manufacturers of electric vehicles have made great strides in terms. Cebis vacuum pump can be implemented on both thermal and electric vehicles and is considered as environmentally friendly as it. Working of electric cars electronic circuits and diagrams. Some of the secondgeneration massmarket evs use aluminum equal to only 5 to 10 percent of the total vehicle weight on these components, close to the average ice approximately 5 percent. Ev batteries are the key determinant of both the range and cost of the vehicle.
Market data contained in this report quantifies opportunities for manufacturers of hybrid electric vehicle components. Electric vehicle components these products include battery chargers, traction motors, vacuum pumps and dcdc converters. Pdf an overview of costs for vehicle components, fuels and. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged into a charging station or wall outlet to charge. Dec 08, 2017 hybrid electric vehicles have two powertrains. The total fuel efficiency during the cycle process in alair electric vehicles evs can be 15%. This paper gives an overview of prices for components of both conventional and electric vehicles, including energy storage, drivetrain as well as interior and exterior vehicle body components. Because it runs on electricity, the vehicle emits no exhaust from a tailpipe and does not contain the typical liquid fuel. The assessment analyzes the timing for price parity for representative electric cars, crossovers, and sport utility vehicles compared to their conventional gasoline counterparts in the u. A comprehensive study of key electric vehicle ev components, technologies, challenges, impacts, and future direction of development.
Regarding weight, we analyzed major structural components of all ten vehicles to estimate their use of aluminum and composites. C engine other components of hybrid electric vehicles are. Pdf electric vehicles ev are getting more commonplace in the. With the expected rise in electric vehicle production it makes sense for managers, marketers, and consumers to gain a better understanding of the source fueling the battery electric car. Resistance produces heat in electric window defrosters and cigarette lighters. Other technologies such as vehicle to grid, vehicle to home, solar charging of electric vehicle, etc. Find out which bevs and phevs are available to suit your needs. May 30, 2019 here we are presenting a document electric vehicle pdf that explains the basics of electric vehicles. The electric motor is one of the most important components in a hybrid vehicle. Electric powertrains mit electric vehicle team, april 2008 an electric vehicle ev is a vehicle that is powered, at least in part, by electricity.
Thats why we created the infographic below to help readers understand the basics of electric vehicles and how they could. Pdf power management in electric vehicle has been revolutionized since the old power structure introduced with first evs. The concept behind the standard motor is to reduce the development workload and to standardize components, production equipment, and manufacturing practices by designing standard motor specifications that will suit a variety of different types of electric vehicles, such as hevs, evs, and plugin hevs phevs, as well as different size classes. An overview of costs for vehicle components, fuels. Evs27 international battery, hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicle symposium 3 3 vehicle dynamics. Introduction to automotive electrical and electronic systems. Meanwhile, all oems and suppliers will have to manage the. Evaluation of electric vehicle production and operating costs. The base year for the report is 2018, and the forecast period is from 2019 to 2030.
From motors and controllers, to chargers, cables and complete electric car driveline conversions. The flexibility of phevs allows drivers to use electricity as often as possible while also. The required motor torque and the power delivered by an electric vehicle is determined by the forces acting on the vehicle while it is driven along the road. Pdf electric vehicles, consisting of hybrid electric vehicle hev, fuel. The battery charger is to convert the electricity from mains to charge the battery 3.
Aevs all electric vehicles are powered by one or more electric motors. Electric vehicles ev, including battery electric vehicle. A hybrid, also known as a hybrid electric vehicle or hev, combines a gasoline engine with a batterypowered electric motor to increase fuel efficiency. Electricity means that a battery sometimes assisted by ultracaps is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor from now on called motor will be used as traction motor. These forces, that are simulated on the chassis dynamometer test bench, are. Components of a hybrid electric vehicle it still runs.
Components and systems for electric vehicles hevsevs 104. What are the primary components of an electric car. This has led to introductions and announcements of vehicles with longer. If this range is not sufficient, a plugin electric vehicle phev may be a better choice. Vehicle types and components visual glossary of terms other terms a guide to specific names and terms used in the construction of motor vehicles and components, suitable for firerescue interpretation for extrication training. Uniti automobile electrical and electronics electrical. We have a low price guarantee, and our technical staff can ensure the right products for. Basic components of hybrid vehicle introduction to. Other components such as filler flap actuators or sensors can be developed according to customers requests. It assumes that readers have a comprehensive understanding of how safety systems work and have completed the appropriate training and certification required to safely handle rescue situations. Another significant difference between electric vehicles and gasolinepowered vehicles is the number of moving parts. The electric vehicles market has witnessed rapid evolution with the ongoing developments in.
It had only switches, wires, relays and controlled motors as its key components but todays electrical system includes sensors, actuators, alternators, battery, oxygen sensors, generator, starter solenoid, starter drive, high power electrical system and other devices. Ev power systems motors and controllers the power system of an electric vehicle consists of just two components. The simplest powertrain architecture consists in a high voltage battery, an electric motor with power electronics controller and a single speed gearbox. Th e purpose of various electronic accessory systems. Hybrid electrical vehicles introduction a hybrid electric vehicle hev has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Vehicle dynamics, matlabsimulink modeling architectures of hybrid hev, plug. Components of a hybrid electric vehicle by sarah snyder.
Fault diagnosis of power components in electric vehicles. But aside from the conventional lithiumion battery technologies, there are also other major battery technologies which can be used for electric cars. The electric vehicle has several unique components that serve the same function as the more common components in a gasolinepowered vehicle. Electric vehicles, on the other hand, can reduce energy consumption in different ways like automatically turning the engine off when the car is idle.
Basic components of hybrid vehicle introduction to hybrid. With more than one million operating hours of proven performance in the field, john deere electric drivetrain components are available in multiple configurations to help oems implement electric and hybrid drive systems in their offhighway applications. Electric vehicle charging technology analysis and standards. Components and systems for electric vehicles hevsevs. High voltage cables high voltage cables are shown in orange. Evaluation of electric vehicle production and operating costs by r. The components of an electric powered car are much simpler compared to the components of a gasolinepowered car engine. An electric vehicle, also called an ev, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. Pdf overview of electric vehicles evs and ev sensors. Batteries are one of the most important components for electromobility and must be combined with a battery charger. You may read the blog posts related to electric vehicle charging. Petrol and diesel powered passenger vehicles in the submini class, mini class and the compact class are compared with battery electric vehicles from the same classes.
Animated infographic of how an electric vehicle works. By using lead acid batteries, the weight of the car increases a lot pounds. We provide sustainable solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power more safely, more efficiently and more reliably. Perform work some components use resistance to reduce current flow and change electrical energy voltage into heat, light, or motion. This new generation of vehicles, often called electric drive vehicles, can be divided into three categories. It uses electromagnetism to change some of the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy for powering the vehicle s loads and for charging the. The total fuel efficiency during the cycle process in alair electric vehicles. Electricity and gasoline combine to power a hybrid vehicle, increasing fuel efficiency and reducing oil dependence. The alternator the alternator is the heart of the vehicle s electrical system when the engine is running. Electric vehicle batteries david coffin and jeff horowitz abstract electric vehicles evs are a growing part of the passenger vehicle industry due to improved technology, customer interest in reducing carbon footprints, and policy incentives. Each of the main ev components has a number of technologies that are.
Resistance is put to work in many ways on toyota vehicles. The electric vehicle has one moving part, the motor, whereas the gasolinepowered. What are the names of different parts of electric cars. They consume no petroleumbased fuel and produce no tailpipe emissions. Regardless of the type of hybrid electric vehicle hev, the propulsion system is composed of at least the following components. The electric vehicle market is projected to reach 26,951,318 units by 2030 from an estimated 3,269,671 units in 2019, at a cagr of 21. Pdf electric vehicle pdf download basics of electric. In comparison, the power system of gasolinepowered vehicles consists of a number of components, such as the. Vacuum pumps are small pumps located on the powertrain of the vehicle. Any player that succeeds in breaking some of the inherent compromises among current technologies will gain a significant advantage in the marketplace. Introduction the major components of an electric vehicle sy stem are the motor, controller, power supply, charger and drive train wry, 2003. In electric vehicles, an electric drive replaces the conventional powertrain, and a battery pack replaces the fuel system. All electric vehicles aevs run only on electricity.
Pdf a comprehensive study of key electric vehicle ev. An electric car simply consists of three main components battery, controller and electric motor. Hybrid electric vehicles hevs have evolved from their inchoate state and are proving to be a promising solution to the serious existential problem posed to the planet earth. In the gure the main components of the vehicles which have an in uence on the energy consumption of the vehicle is shown. In particular, prices for electric vehicle traction battery packs are analysed, which are estimated to. Update on electric vehicle costs in the united states through. Hybrid and plugin electric vehicles use electricity as their primary fuel or to improve the efficiency of conventional vehicle designs. Here we are presenting a document electric vehicle pdf that explains the basics of electric vehicles. Understanding how an electric vehicle works is actually much simpler than understanding how a gas or dieselpowered car works.
As told earlier, the battery used for this car is very expensive. Emergency response guide this guide is intended only for use by trained and certified rescuers and first responders. Electric vehicle ev charging components siemens siemens. Components and systems for electric vehicles hitachi global. The energy storage component in a pure electric vehicle is the high voltage hv battery.
However, electric cars cannot go as fast as gasolinepowered cars can. All electric vehicles evs have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. Hybrids typically store energy created by the cars motion into the battery, and the electrical engine provides a power boost during acceleration, lane passing or hills. The electrical energy is changed by the resistance of the working device. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged in to a charging station or wall outlet to charge. This article offers an overview of the ev powertrain components, how they work together, and how they compare to the internal combustion engine in value. Electric vehicle initial cost parity is coming within 510 years.
A bev has also a low voltage battery, the usual 12 v battery, which is used as a power supply for the auxiliary equipment lightning, multimedia, etc. Electric vehicle uptake is especially concentrated where targeted electric vehicle policies proactively address electric vehicle barriers related to model. Control of electric vehicle qi huang, jian li and yong chen university of electronic science and technology of china p. A comprehensive study of key electric vehicle ev components. This article discusses some of the electrical component technologies used in the inverters, motors, and batteries that make up the electric powertrains of these electric vehicles, along with the simulationdriven analysis technologies that are used to rapidly create optimum combinations of electrical components. By using lead acid batteries, the weight of the car. At that time, the ice vehicle had a longer driving range, petroleum fuel costs were declining, and the introduction of the electric starter and manufacturing assembly line. The first battery electric vehicles that will appear on the market are passenger cars in the lower car segments. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off vehicle sources, or may be selfcontained with a battery, solar panels or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. They have been designed to ensure effective break boost at all times. In addition to identification of mechanical and electrical component types, it also covers the many issues concerning the merits of and prospects for the hybrid electric vehicle business. In 2011, the first plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs went into production to add greater electric only drive range to the steadily growing popularity of the hybrid assist vehicle. Batteryenergy storage system essemphasizes large or modest energy storage and power. Phevs run on electricity for shorter ranges 6 to 40 miles, then switch over to an internal combustion engine running on gasoline when the battery is depleted.
The key components in an hev consist of an electric motor em, battery, convertor, ice, fuel tank and control board. Which type of vehicle will fit your lifestyle depends on your needs and driving habits. With the use of electricity and kinetic energy created by the car when it moves, a vehicle can drive down the road using significantly less fuel. They receive electricity by plugging into the grid and store it in batteries. Overview of electric vehicle concept and power management strategies. Electric vehicle market growth, industry trends, and. Evs also known as plugin electric vehicles derive all or part of their power from electricity supplied by the electric grid. Basic components of hybrid electric vehicles hybrid. The electric vehicle market has witnessed rapid evolution with the ongoing developments in automotive sector. The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuelefficient vehicles. What are the components of hybrid electric vehicles. Drivetrainsphysically integrate the ice power source and electric drive. Compact inverter technology onboard inverters apply pulse width modulation pwm control to convert direct current dc power. Ev west has a quality selection of electric car parts, components, conversion kits, and charging station solutions for your electric vehicle or ev conversion.
Batteries for electric cars 3 to coexist for some time as technologies evolve and intellectualproperty ownership gets sorted out. We evaluated the impacts associated with each component of the vehicle, from the novel technologies and chemistries involved in battery production to the inuse. The battery of an electric car can be charged through the use of ordinary grid electricity at a specialized power station. A closeup look at electric vehicle powertrain components.
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